Showing posts with label 金融. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 金融. Show all posts

Sunday, May 08, 2011

http://www.economist.com/node/18651608

5月5日Bottonwood在經濟學人上關於美元的評論,總之,美元的走勢真的很難一言以敝之,但,從Bottonwood的文章中可以確定的是,美元目前的地位是前無古人後無來者,任何一個想取代它的貨幣皆是動則得咎啊。

http://www.economist.com/node/18651608

Tuesday, April 26, 2011

從"人民幣的未知領域"看通貨競爭

轉載:普通人的自由主義: 人民幣的未知領域

這是陳家煜博士於今年1月31日於蘋果日報刊登的文章,其實國際貨幣的走勢牽一髮動全身,見諸美元因QE而擴張其通貨的流動,各界更是為此而大聲韃伐美國的任意妄為而企圖以SDR(Special Drawing Rights)取代美元成為各國的準備貨幣,但是G20主導的SDR,到底誰該佔多少權重卻是一個比美元還來得不透明的黑箱。

2011年初IMF統計,全球的外匯準備約為8.3兆美元,其中美元就佔了六成以上,而SDR僅有3000億美元,而在當下SDR的貨幣籃內美元又佔了其中約42%,SDR的趴數問題看來也是強權們的另一個戰場。

在全世界現在每天4兆美元的貨幣交易量裡,人民幣的交易量才佔了4億美金,連萬分之一都不到,而美元還是佔了八成以上的交易量。

所以在未來的貨幣戰爭裡,美元或許因為濫用其地位而導致其交易量略減,但要取代美元成為世界貿易準交易貨幣的傢伙,至少目前連影子都還看不到。

資料參照:
1. SDR貨幣籃不能沒有人民幣 (2011年4月7日,旺報社評)
2. Forex Trading Volume Officially Hits $ 4 Trillion (2010年9月1日,KathyLien.com)

3. Dollar/Euro Master the Foreign Trading World (2011年4月6日,shvoong.com)
4. Wikepedia關鍵字搜索:Special Drawing Rights、Foreign Exchange Reserves、Reserve Currency

Tuesday, May 04, 2010

回應經濟日報5/3文章:壽險業不敢面對的真相

34號公報的確使得壽險公司的淨值波動幅度變大,但這只是呈現壽險公司資產面的原貌而已;應該說,感謝34號公報,讓大家知道原來大部分的壽險公司都是在短線操作。

真相:整體壽險業對有價證券的投資,從2003年開始至今沒有低於過四成;對海外投資從2005年至今沒有低於過三成。所以說34號公報只是還原壽險公司資產面的原貌而已,讓大眾知道原來壽險公司的資產會隨著市場有如此大的波動、原來壽險公司並不是以最大化公司長期價值為操作原則、原來…….

IFRS 4 Phase II實施後,因為壽險公司的負債也mark to market,所以大部分的壽險公司若不增加其資本勢必導致淨值為負數,試問,當壽險公司增強其資本受益的是誰??受益的是廣大的保戶啊! 因為保險公司補強資本後就更不容易因為利率走低或是股市景氣不佳而導致淨值為負數,如此保戶的權益才會更加的有保障。

還有,壽險公司為什麼要由長年期商品轉而銷售短年期商品??
因為長年期的商品受預定利率走低影響所以保費較以前來得貴很多,故導致長年期商品不好銷售。
試問,壽險公司在設計短年期商品之初如果有想過以最大化公司長期價值為操作原則的話,它根本就不應該設計這種商品出來。

為避免增加負債面壓力;那壽險公司更應該於這個時候去設計並銷售長年期商品,因為此時的預定利率低,就算將來負債面要mark to market,壽險公司針對此時期推出的長年期商品也較不會有準備金增提的壓力,唯有如此,才符合壽險公司長期經營規劃的目標,並發揮促進經濟社會穩定的功能。

壽險公司經營可能產生流動性問題,特別是那些側重於短年期商品銷售的壽險公司,這猶如飲鴆止渴般,當某短年期商品到期時又續發一檔新的商品,以企求保戶的資金可以源源不覺的挹注壽險公司流動性,it’s a ponzi-like business。

推背:匯豐人壽、第一金人壽〈英傑華+第一金〉、合庫人壽〈巴黎人壽+第一金〉….等,這兩年陸續冒出了一些新的保險公司,很聰明的是,外商和沒有壽險公司背景的銀行結盟,一開始以銷售利變年金與投資型保單為主,銀行資金轉為壽險資金,因為沒有利差損的壓力,所以這些新的壽險公司更有能力也更應該去設計出符合消費者需求的長年期的商品;預期未來會有更多的外商保險公司以此模式進入台灣,甚至已經退出台灣的還會再回來,wait and see!

Monday, July 06, 2009

數字背後的實相(一)


引子一:從7月4日中國時報的一則新聞談起,新聞標題”富邦人壽總座 也是超級業務員”,文中提到”…鄭本源16年前參與籌設富邦人壽....到現在還自己親自拉保險。16年下來壽險保費8億元,平均1年5千萬元;有一年,富邦第一名業務員新契約保費2億元,鄭本源作了2.4億元…”。

引子二:再對照我最近看到的一份資料”2008年人壽保險公司別平均每件保費收入表”,2008年的平均每件初年度保費收入最高的保險公司為臺銀人壽〈67.847萬/件〉、之後為幸福人壽〈63.638萬/件〉、富邦人壽〈49.795萬/件〉、中國人壽〈45.877萬/件〉、第一英傑華人壽〈34.866萬/件〉、遠雄人壽〈29.093萬/件〉。

引子三:另一則還自6月29日工商時報的新聞,新聞標題” 銀行臨櫃賣保險 金管會喊卡”,文中提到” …金管會官員指出,有些銀行櫃檯在客戶辦理存匯業務時,會說服推銷客戶,辦理6年期利變年金保單,由於乍聽與定存類似,但利率又比定存還高,有效吸引客戶,事實上,這類商品的總銷售額,十有八九是透過銀行通路進行…”。

可能的實相:
1. 從資產配置的角度而言,如果有一個產品,雖然資金要鎖3-6年但收益是穩定的,對於高資產的人士,這樣的產品是有吸引力的;而董事長級人物的身邊ㄧ定有其他有錢的董事長。所以楊董有沒有興趣啊,有限額的,賣完就沒了…
2. 前段舉出的2008年人壽保險公司別平均每件初年度保費收入排名前面的公司,其續年度平均每件保費收入都不及初年度的10%;
Q1:這是什麼樣的商品結構?
Q2:他們的保單銷售主要是透過什麼樣的通路?
Q3:連2008年底淨值為負的保險公司也入榜了,有Ponzi的味道,而這樣的保單又是透過誰銷售的?主管機關難道不用把關嗎?
3. 金控內有壽險公司的,的確這幾年這些保險公司的平均每件初年度保費收入都上升了,所以的確佔了些交叉銷售便宜。所以金管會的官員果然有人發現了問題,加油!
4. 保險公司的財務操作該靈活還是穩健? 至於現有保險公司的財務操作是靈活還是穩健從商品結構可以看得出部分端倪喔!還有從保發中心下載下述報表做同期比較也可以稍微的一窺堂奧。
a. 資金運用統計表(百分比)
b. 人壽保險業公司別保費收入表
c. 人壽保險業公司別保險給付表
d. 人壽保險公司別平均每件保費收入表
5. 南山推背:如果最後南山人壽賣給了銀行家,他的平均每件初年度保費收入不但會回到2007年前的水準而且還會更增加;而他的商品結構內佔保費收入比重會提高的險種會有增額壽險、還本健康險、還本意外險、連動債保單、六年期儲蓄險…等。
以上為個人看法,僅供參考。


Reference:

富邦人壽總座 也是超級業務員〈http://n.yam.com/chinatimes/fn/200907/20090704890095.html〉

銀行臨櫃賣保險 金管會喊卡〈http://tw.news.yahoo.com/article/url/d/a/090629/4/1m3a7.html〉

保發中心,保險資料庫〈http://www.tii.org.tw/index.asp〉

2005-2008年人壽保險公司別平均每件保費收入表〈http://album.udn.com/caffein/196125〉

2005-2008年人壽保險公司別保險給付表〈http://album.udn.com/caffein/198955〉

2005-2008年人壽保險公司別保費收入表〈http://album.udn.com/caffein/198952〉


Tuesday, March 10, 2009

你知道你在追逐什麼樣的風險 ?

最近常常聽到客戶問的問題是那幾間資產比你們公司雄厚一點的百年老店都出問題了,那你們公司這間百年老店勒? 穩不穩啊?


雖然我一直強調我們公司是”確保人才品質優先於管理人才的機制”、”人格與品格比技術重要”,我們公司是用這樣的價值觀來經營保險公司這樣一個社會企業;我們提供客戶家庭風險發生後的社會安定基金、我們供給客戶退休後基本的生活費以維持其存在的尊嚴;保險其實就是個社會企業。


但,就長期而言我也不敢保證,這樣品格優先的價值觀會不會改變。


現在,大家擔心的其實就是保險公司信用風險的問題,當然金管會也設立了一些指標去告訴消費大眾哪一家保險公司的信用風險較小,如RBC低於200%以下的保險公司就請大家要小心、如當選模範壽險公司者更是要符合金管會的七項標準。


而且,保險這項工具還是有些特性是其它金融工具所沒有的,如,


a. 小孩還小、房貸壓力大、老婆沒上班的人,其對家庭的責任重大,但當他資產不足以去balance他的責任時,保險就是最好用的一種避險工具;

b. 當你希望用現在的現金流量或資產去交換未來"確定"的現金流量時,活到了150歲都還有源源不絕的錢可用,目前也唯有保險這樣工具可以做到;

c. 當其他的資產和工具讓你保有很大支配的自由度時,那這自由度也會給你帶來風險(人性的風險);而保險工具在解約、質借、更換受益人....等制度設計上要求親見親簽和一些帶有懲罰意味的條款,這樣制約所帶來的不方便性,反而構築起了一道保護資產的屏障。


以上就是保險的特點;保險公司在當下或許可能面臨信用風險,但,


其他的金融工具或資產難道沒有風險嗎?


股票:信用風險、市場風險
基金:市場風險、清算的風險
不動產:流動性風險、市場風險、政治風險、房客問題、管理的問題
現金:人性的風險(貪婪、恐懼、親情、信任、人心不古)


巴菲特說:風險是來自於你不知道你在做什麼?


Even現金也會有風險,所以要認清每項金融工具所可能帶來的風險,就算你認為發生的機率很小,一旦發生了就會讓你後悔莫及。


風險管理的重點就在於"配置",把不同特性的工具依照你的”需求”,去排序並規劃之。


如果你想知道對於人生逃不過的那一關該如何保有尊嚴,我這邊就有個還不錯的籃子可以供你做 配置喔!

Wednesday, February 18, 2009

20090210新聞讀後感:保險業的公平價值風暴

全球人壽喊賣 開價40億
(http://udn.com/NEWS/FINANCE/FIN4/4727379.shtml)

Aegon looks to sell Taiwan insurance unit
(http://www.forbes.com/feeds/afx/2009/02/09/afx6029840.html)

中信金併壽險 看上保誠 安聯 全球
(http://1-apple.com.tw/index.cfm?Fuseaction=Article&Art_ID=31377468&IssueID=20090209)

外商來台設立保險公司近20年,近年來卻因為公平計值會計的關係紛紛棄守。先是ING、再來是全球,因為他們歐洲的母公司需要動用因IFRS4而為了台灣壽險子公司提存的大量的責任準備金。而這IFRS4就等同於台灣預計於2011年實施的40號公報,試問,

台灣其他擁有不少高預定率保單的保險公司在40號公報實施時是否有足夠的錢可以增資??
不過我想,就算屆時檯面上的經營者如果募集不到所需的資金頂多是老板換更有錢的人當而已;

至於那些爛到沒有人想要幫他增資的壽險公司,可能就會被監管、接管、勒令停業清理、命令解散(保險法149條),而人身保險安定基金於必要時代該壽險公司墊付要保人、被保險人及受益人依有效契約所得為之請求(保險法143-3條)。

但當人身保險安定基金沒錢的時候怎麼辦?

保險法143-1條規定,安定基金累積之金額不足保障被保險人權益,且有嚴重危及金融安定之虞時,得報經主管機關同意,向金融機構借款。

至於那些金融機構會借款給安定基金呢?

我想會借錢的安定基金的就是那些,給很低的存款利息但仍會收到一大堆存款的金融機構。

誰?誰?誰? 到底是誰呢?

〈最後又借錢給茂德的是誰啊?? 不過這筆聯貸案不批下來的話大家擔心的應該是茂德default後的骨牌效應吧。 就如同雷曼這張骨牌一般。〉

Wednesday, January 21, 2009

保險公司的龐氏計畫

首先我們來看Ponzi scheme〈龐氏計畫〉的定義:這種投資吸金手法是指投資者的獲益其實不是來自投資利潤,而是源於後續投資者的錢,該術語是以1903年從義大利移民至美國的Ponzi為名,他不是該詐術的創始者,而是因此手法而在美國惡名昭彰的第一人。

目前為止金額最大的龐氏騙局就是Bernard Madoff在2008年12月被揭發的高達500億美元大騙局。

再看看最近的新聞:

2009年1月18日工商時報標題「金管會很頭痛! 壽險業財務 9家淨值為負」;內文寫道「….有部分壽險公司淨值已為負100多億元到數百億元不等,仍在尋求自救辦法,壽險市場更傳出有公司現金流量不足,需要借錢或靠高利率來吸收現金。….」

2009年1月19日經濟日報標題「壽險業 問題別留到以後」;內文寫道「….所有的業績(保單),都是保險公司的負債,業者必須靠著良好的財務投資,在未來保單到期、或保戶需要理賠時,才有錢來償還這些負債。….」

那就請讀者自行判斷,當保險公司以上述手法在經營時,其保戶的獲益是來自保險公司經營的成果還是後續保戶的錢,哈,高預定利率的躉繳保單,the ponzi-like business!

References:

金管會很頭痛! 壽險業財務 9家淨值為負〈http://news.chinatimes.com/2007Cti/2007Cti-News/2007Cti-News-Content/0,4521,120501+122009011800067,00.html〉

壽險業 問題別留到以後〈http://mag.udn.com/mag/wealth/storypage.jsp?f_MAIN_ID=328&f_SUB_ID=3009&f_ART_ID=173324〉

Financial Shenanigan〈http://caffein1975.blogspot.com/2007/03/financial-shenanigan.html〉

金融海嘯未來式-- 40號公報〈http://blog.udn.com/caffein/2339681〉

Sunday, January 04, 2009

世界正經歷人性中瘋狂的一面

1102期的商業週刊標題”世界比你想像的瘋狂”,這個就是我們目前正經歷的,所以,Don’t cry over spilled milk。商業周刊請四位國際級的領導人告訴我們該以什麼態度因應。

台積電的張忠謀董事長:

〈1〉告訴大家要學會與「輸」這個字共處,還要能夠輸得起;
〈2〉認為這次的金融危機是個希臘悲劇,命運幾乎都被註定,在不同國家、不同時間其實都是以不同方式再重複,而這齣戲會繼續演下去。〈碎型理論之父Benoit Mandelbrot:這世界遙遠的過去不斷地影響著現在。〉

大前研一:

〈1〉大家應該建立系統性思考找到問題原因〈好主意,但對於如我一般的常人似乎不易做到〉;
〈2〉擔心,無法解決事情必須做點事才行,應該積極學習、繼續挑戰、提升自己〈這個提議倒是比較務實〉。

IBM Samuel J. Palmisano董事長:

〈1〉把學習權交到員工手上,信任員工會做正確的事,並把決策權往下和往外擴展,才能即時應變〈但問題是,你的員工是真的值得信任的嗎?〉;
〈2〉銀行承擔了太多風險,卻又沒有做出適當的管制〈IFRS、BASELⅡ、Fair Value Accounting 期望讓大眾更認識金融業這個黑盒子,並帶來好的改變。〉。

保德信金融集團John Strangfeld執行長:

〈1〉人格與品格比技術更重要。培養具有從心靈服務的人才,確保人才品質優先於管理人才的機制,將是長線成功更好的方式。〈呼應IBM帕米薩諾,找有品格的員工,信賴他,將學習權和決策權下放。〉
〈2〉過去一段時間,很多企業過於重視成長,以至於讓公司成為數字公司,只追求短期內賺到多少錢,多久可以損益兩平,而忽略了人的品格。
〈3〉必須確定你的人才,他不會因為環境改變了,而改變原先作法,開始走捷徑。技巧部分的確非常重要,但如果沒有良好的人格特質,算不上成功。
〈4〉我所堅持的是,無論在市場好或壞,同時要堅守人才品質,並且確保人才品質優先於管理人才的機制。這或許意味著,當競爭對手在市場好的時候追求高獲利,你必須得要接受較低的成長,但這是非常可以接受的交換,因為相信隨著時間過去,堅守人才品質會比追求高獲利是更好的方式〈為什麼它會被霸榮週刊喻為”瓦礫堆中的美玉”,我想對與品格的要求就是The Secret of Prudential Financial〉。

因為異常流行幻象與群眾瘋狂所造成的困惑之惑,所以更顯得正確的價值觀與正直的重要性,在此,我要推薦兩本書給大家閱讀,期望大家可以透過這兩本書了解市場這齣戲會以何種方式重現、透過大師之眼建立另一種看事情的角度、終身學習、重新體會品格之重要。這兩本書分別是〈1〉股價、棉花、與尼羅河密碼;〈2〉品格的力量。

〈1〉股價、棉花、與尼羅河密碼,原文書名是The (Mis)Behavior of Markets,作者是數學大師Benoit Mandelbort,以科學的觀點讓人了解金融市場的不單純與風險,讓你可能避免虧錢,中文版由早安財經文化於2007年出版;

「愈是了解危險,愈能做好萬全準備。幾個世紀以來,造船的人都知道要怎麼設計船身、船帆才安全,多數時候大海是平靜的,但颱風颶風來臨時,海事景況就迥然不同了。造船的人不能只考慮那95%風平浪靜的日子,還要想到另外5%的狂風巨浪才是對船隻真正的考驗。現在的金融業者和投資大眾就像忽略那5%考驗的造船人,完全無視於風雨來襲的可能性。這本書便是要提醒投資大眾重新看待風險。」;

更多關於”金融市場、瘋狂、與人性”請連結:http://caffein1975.blogspot.com/2009/01/vs.html

〈2〉品格的力量,一本130多年前的書對照今日的小島政治和世界金融失序後的現狀有如真理般的閃亮,立緒文化在2006年時推出了一本99元的中文普及版;

「一個國家是否偉大,並不取決於它疆域的大小,而是取決於他人民的品格。」 、
「一個偉大的國家領袖在他身後留給國家最寶貴的財富是— 一個毫無瑕疵的生活楷模,是所有後人在形成自己品格時仿效的榜樣。」、
「財富掌握在意志薄弱、缺乏自制、缺乏理性的人手中,只會成為一種誘惑和一個陷阱。它很可能成為對他自己,更經常是對別人無窮災難的根源。」、
「不管多麼微不足道的事情,都不要屈從於它;否則,儘管你可以藐視它,你卻在它的統治之下。」、
「慾望暴君的影響只能透過道德手段—自律、自尊和自制來克服。」。

網路上亦有Character的英文html版本〈http://www.virtuescience.com/samuel-smiles.html〉,希望品格的力量能在今日的社會收激濁揚清之效。

股價、棉花、與尼羅河密碼 V.S. 金融市場、瘋狂、與人性

“股價、棉花、與尼羅河密碼”,原文書名是The (Mis)Behavior of Markets,作者是數學大師Benoit Mandelbort,以科學的觀點讓人了解金融市場的不單純與風險,讓你可能避免虧錢,中文版由早安財經文化於2007年出版;

「愈是了解危險,愈能做好萬全準備。幾個世紀以來,造船的人都知道要怎麼設計船身、船帆才安全,多數時候大海是平靜的,但颱風颶風來臨時,海事景況就迥然不同了。造船的人不能只考慮那95%風平浪靜的日子,還要想到另外5%的狂風巨浪才是對船隻真正的考驗。現在的金融業者和投資大眾就像忽略那5%考驗的造船人,完全無視於風雨來襲的可能性。這本書便是要提醒投資大眾重新看待風險。」、

「義大利政治家馬基維利〈Machiavelli〉:我將她的〈財富〉喻為凶猛的河水,一旦激怒它,它能淹沒廣大的平原,沖毀樹木、建築,甚至移地割山。人人聞之色變,奔逃四散,人們只能屈服在洪水的威力之下,絲毫無力阻擋。雖然如此,人類並非全然無計可施,河水平靜之時,人們可以建築堤防和壕溝,引導暴漲時的水流,也可以減低洪水的破壞力,使災害不至於太嚴重。」、

「世上沒有人是一座孤島,每個事件、每項行動都會對其他人造成影響。混沌理論的信條之一就是:在動態的系統中,任何過程的結果都受到開始的影響。」、

「金融市場的第一個特徵—巨幅波動與不連續性。」、

「金融市場的第二個特徵—群聚現象。」、

「自然界許多現象都是多碎形:多碎形也可以解釋金融市場中價格時而快速變動、時而平淡無奇的形態。」、

「市場是一道激烈波動的湍流:1960年代初期,研究尺度現象與長期相關這兩個湍流的重要特徵之後,我隨即發現,其他許多自然與經濟現象,都有相同的特徵,而這些現象可能會影響價格變動,造成類似的形態。」、

「舉例來說,我發現油礦的分布,有所謂的尺度現象,及小型礦藏很多,而大型礦藏只有少數幾處。」、

「企業界也一樣,一個產業內企業規模的大小,上自微軟、下至無數小型軟體公司,也符合尺度現象。企業規模影響利潤,因此也影響股價。」、

「經濟訊號有種長期相關性:想像一下全球經濟是一間充滿鏡子的房間。所以企業只要發出訊息,就會傳達、扭曲、或減弱整體經濟訊號。這些訊號會隨著時間的過去而減弱,但是可能得耗費數個月、數年甚至數十年的時間,才會弱到完全消失。這,就是經濟的長期相關性:所有事件不管發生多遠、發生在多久以前,都會牽動其他事件的演變。」。

看完了這本書之後你會知道其實金融市場其實越來越複雜,越來越具有人性;

因為它是一個複雜系統,所以自然界的蝴蝶效應也會在金融市場出現;

而尺度現象與長期相關這兩個湍流的重要特徵,可以在許多自然與經濟現象上發現,同樣的人性也是如此,西瓜偎大邊、貧者愈貧富者愈富、趨吉避凶是不是一種尺度現象;龍生龍鳳生鳳、江山易改本性難移、人性本善、人性本惡…等是不是一種長期相關性;

因為金融市場越來越人性化所以它就開始具有瘋狂的本錢,因為人本來就不是理性的,因為市場是人,所以它就有會有巨幅波動和不連續性,就猶如人的一生會經歷生老病死,而sudden death是我們所無法預期的,所以才要透過風險管理的手段,以減低風險的突然發生對其它我們所關心的人事物所帶來的影響。

因為市場是人為的,所以我們要開始強調從業人員的品格,期望透過道德的力量對於市場產生約束力,如此金融市場才能長治久安;或許在評估金融機構的指標中該建立一種道德量尺,或者從其人員進用的嚴謹度和價值標準去評斷這個企業的道德標準。

易曰:正其本而萬物理,失之毫釐,差以千里,故君子慎始。

誠如保德信金融集團執行長John Strangfeld所言「我所堅持的是,無論在市場好或壞,同時要堅守人才品質,並且確保人才品質優先於管理人才的機制。這或許意味著,當競爭對手在市場好的時候追求高獲利,你必須得要接受較低的成長,但對於我來說,這是非常可以接受的交換,因為我相信隨著時間過去,堅守人才品質會比追求高獲利是更好的方式」。﹙摘自商業周刊1102期,page 106﹚

Saturday, September 27, 2008

關於AIG--不能只聽信官方發言及報紙標題

我錯估了AIG所面臨的嚴重情況,因為我太久沒有看經濟學人,而忙到只是聽新聞和看報紙的標題;就風險管理的角度而言,如果現在給美國AIG做一個最壞狀況測試,他根本就撐不過明天。

經濟學人說,就AIG自己內部的風險測試模形去推導,且將其所有曝顯的金融商品Mark to Market、撇除掉善意的融資、去除掉補充的資本….等,早在今年六月底時AIG就須大幅增資240億美元。

如果還有明天、如果AIG至今年六月底名目金額高達4410億美元的信用違約交換〈CDS〉金融商品沒有再因其他金融機構倒閉而帶來更大的損失、如果AIG能用較好的價格賣掉其資產以換取大筆現金的挹注、如果大眾對其的信任危機不再度的擴大…..如果…..

我們壽險顧問常常跟客戶提醒就是當下風險發生後家庭可能面臨的最壞狀況,我們常常請客戶想像的是如果沒有明天。

如今AIG的最壞狀況測試已經出來,所以,關於AIG的未來,No Comment。

References:

http://www.economist.com/finance/displaystory.cfm?story_id=12274070

http://money.cnn.com/2008/09/16/news/derivatives_benner.fortune/index.htm

http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/26758157/

關於CDS:

http://www.economist.com/finance/displaystory.cfm?story_id=12209615

關於Mark to Market:

http://www.economist.com/finance/displaystory.cfm?story_id=12274096

Friday, August 31, 2007

Will Fed contrary to popular wisdom ?

Central banker’s job is not to prevent recession at any cost but to keep inflation down, to protect the financial system, and to prevent a recession turning into a big slump.

Many hope the Fed will repeat the trick now, just like it did after the dotcom bubble burst. Last time it slashed the rate beyond John Taylor’s recommend then encouraged a house-price boom which offset equity loss and allowed households to borrowing and spending. But to be blamed as the mild recession that breed the current financial trouble.

Some economists believe that recession is the wind of creative destruction and the necessary evil. Recession might be painful with unemployment, lower wages and profit, and bankruptcy, but will weed out inefficient companies and redistribute the capital to new industries. It will be benefit America by purging the excesses of the previous boom and leaving the economy in a healthier state.

“The policy dilemma facing the Fed may not be a choice of recession of no recession. It may be a choice between a mild recession now and nastier one later. Even if a recession were in America’s long-term economic interest, it may be political suicide.”

Will Fed cut the Fed fund rate at 18th of September is still up in the air?



Reference:http://www.economist.com/finance/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9687245

Taylor Rule:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_rule

Monday, April 23, 2007

The pursuit of wealthiest

Two month ago, our CEO gives all his employees two movie tickets for us to see “ The Pursuit of Happyness”.

Why this film would be recommended by my boss? Maybe it’s the movie that casts business in a good light, talks about the merits of capitalism, tells a story of a man struggling against homelessness and the importance of fatherhood, suggests happiness not only a brief illusion but something long-lasting, and etc.

The scene and the lines echoed after I saw the preview, it said” If you have a dream. Go and get it.”

I have a dream; I wish it could be realized some day. While I had never suffer the hardship like Chris Gardner, but I just want to say that he did chose the right path to become rich. To be a trader is not an easy way to go, but worth try.

In the year 2005, James Simons grabbed the biggest profits as the top trader. But the globe is getting more turbulent nowadays. Last year Brian Hunter tumbled with Amaranth in the wrong direction of natural gas prices, but John Arnold outnumbered the rest of traders in the opposite direction of Arnold. The estimated income of Arnold comes to 1.5 to 2 billion; he earned roughly 300 times the bonus of Goldman CEO.

To the pursuits, it’s a never ending game to become the wealthiest, besides you could become the happiest if you got the faith in yourself. The faith lies in the knowledge pursuing would bear the fruits of wealth growing.


Reference:
1. http://www.economist.com/daily/columns/businessview/displaystory.cfm?story_id=8991240
2. http://www.bloggingstocks.com/2006/12/18/why-top-traders-outearn-investment-bank-ceos-2-1/
3. http://www.traderdaily.com/news/item/5585.html
4. http://www.forbes.com/business/2006/12/22/hedge-fund-bonuses-biz-cx_lm_1222hedge.html
5. http://www.forbes.com/lists/2006/54/biz_06rich400_James-H-Simons_5GZ7.html



當錢錢來敲門

一個多月前我們老闆給了公司的員工每個人兩張的電影票,因為他要我們每個人都去看”當幸福來敲門”。

當然每個人在電影過後都有了不同的啟示。男主角很聰明沒錯,雖然魔術方塊那一段是應威爾史密斯的要求才加進去的,但Chris Gardner選擇不當醫生而想從事證券交易員致富證實是正確的。

因為真正的打工皇帝就是這群交易員們,在2005年前百大交易員平均的年薪是3.63億美元;2006年高盛證券CEO的年薪為5340萬美元,但這樣的薪水只是跨入百大交易員的門檻而已。去年最會賺錢的交易員是John Arnold,他去年的收入預估在15至20億美元,但2005年的冠軍James Simons在去年的收入也是不惶多讓。

當然想要成為其中的一員除了要有很強的抗壓性外、不然就是有異於常人市場敏銳度、還有就是數學不能太差--不然怎麼唬人。John Arnold今年33歲,看來有生之年我是趕不上他了;James Simons今年68歲,可是他是個數學博士,看樣子要花很大的工夫才有辦法在跟他年紀一樣大的時候還能日進斗金。

Friday, March 23, 2007

Financial Shenanigan

Last week, the Buttonwood column talked about confidence, the confidence that we laid on the credibility of financial system.

But to our omittance, the ironic Ponzificating slid in and spread across the whole globe. Ponzi Scheme is a financial shenanigan, paying the higher return to the foremost from the money funnel by the hindmost, it depends on confidence or relies on mew backers to keep them going.

The hedge funds, private equities, pension funds, etc., all of them are chasing higher returns, so the sub-mortgage backed securities arose to sustain their dreams via rising house prices. But one day the real estate did not buoyant any more, so the securities sustained by the sub-mortgage deteriorated then the institution investors ran amok. That’s the Ponzi-like game.

More examples of Ponzi-like structures, 〈1〉pay-as-you-go pension systems depend on there being enough workers to fund promises made to retired employees, 〈2〉The health of the commercial banking system depends on the assumption that most depositors will keep their money in the bank, when there’s a bank run the result is usually an economic catastrophe.

Hyman Minsky, an American economist, distinguished three kinds of borrowers, Hedged debtors, Speculative borrowers, and Ponzi borrowers. Hedged borrowers and Speculative borrowers at least could pay their interest. But when the assets not appreciate any more, the Ponzi borrowers would go bankrupt, not to mention interest.

So beware the Minsky moment may come.

Reference︰http://www.economist.com/finance/displaystory.cfm?story_id=8864415
http://wallstreetexaminer.com/blogs/winter/?p=504

Ponzi Scheme:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponzi_scheme

Minsky moment:
http://www.bulletin.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=134435

Tuesday, January 30, 2007

The Frenzy of M&A Spree

M&A came to $3.79 trillion in 2006, 38% higher than in 2005, according to the data from Thomson Financial. Europe registered 39% more deals than in 2005 with amounts of $1.43 trillion. U.S. grew 36% higher than in 2005 and came in at $1.56 trillion. Private equity firms snapped 20% of global M&A activities last year, marked a golden era for them. But there are some intriguing things left for us to find out.

Private equity firms with $660 billion in corporate buyouts last year and a war chest of $750 billion will to deploy, investors are on a roll, but concerns about the sector’s ability to deliver sizeable return are also welling up. There is too much money chasing for too few good deals.

Talking about exit strategies, secondary-IPO, a sale to the strategic buys in the same industry, or selling to other private equity firms.

Some economists believe that secondary IPOs are undertaken when the owners believe that the potential overvaluation by the markets far exceeds the cost of public quotation, otherwise they would consider another route.

Even IPO or a sale to strategic buyers in the same industry, are now taking much longer than they once did. In 1999, it took less than two years for investors to cash out of an investment through an IPO, but in 2006 it took more than five years, according to Raphael Amit, Wharton professor of entrepreneurship and management.

When selling to other private equity firms, we must concern about the risk that private equity firms themselves are engaged in a sort of ponzi scheme in which buyout firms sell companies to one another at increasingly high prices that ultimately will crash. It caused me worried.

Then we backed to the craze of M&A. Before HCA was buyout by $33 billion of KKR in July 2006, the RJR Nabisco case was topped at the list at the cost of $31.4 billion since 1988. However, in January 2007, Blackstone launched a bid for a set of real estate assets〈Equity Office Properties Trust〉, valued at $38.3 billion. We are looking forward to seeing another break record in the very near future.

“ Everything is very peachy now. Last year was the best on record by size, and 2007 in all likelihood will be even better in terms of activity. Whether it will be a good year for investors is an open question.", Wharton finance professor Pavel Savor echoed.

References:
1. http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=1647&CFID=3908579&CFTOKEN=62228347
2. http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=1639
3. http://www.garp.com/risknews/newsfeed.asp?Category=6&MyFile=2007-01-25-14146.html
4. http://udn.com/NEWS/FINANCE/FIN5/3706089.shtml
5. http://udn.com/NEWS/FINANCE/FIN5/3706088.shtml
6. http://udn.com/NEWS/FINANCE/FIN5/3706086.shtml

Thursday, December 21, 2006

Beware the overpriced debt

Private Equity uses LBO to leave most of the debt to banks. It needs to be wary of the banking industries. When there’s not any boom sustained corporate sales, then the earning of corporate dwindled, finally the binge would come to an end.
Hope banks with most of the LBO debts without structured could survive.

But thanks to the spree of credit derivatives recently. The risk of the defaults would bear by investors evenly not only banks. The question is who’s the investor. So look into the portfolio of your mutual fund just in case you are the scapegoats.

In the harbor, one rookie of investment banking asked his chief where are the yachts of the clients. It’s a joke but cruel to show the reality there’s no boat left for us. The LBO binge stumps up fees to the private equities for their orgy. And left the bourgeois like us sank.

See what the Buttonwood said this week. 〈http://www.economist.com/finance/displaystory.cfm?story_id=8459490〉

Thursday, November 16, 2006

CPDO

It was Buttonwood's article mentioned a new credit derivative last week; it called CPDO, Constant Proportion Debt Obligations. I just wondering what on earth the synthetic credit instrument it is. Then decide to find out the answer.

Apparently it's a hot stuff. You could see those references below. It was all talked about CPDO after August 2006.
Its first debut was at August 2006 launched by Abn Amro named SURF. SURF is a fixed-income bond with triple-A rating from major bond rating organizations. Investors could earn more coupons than other AAA bonds.

It's worth a look.
You may try the references 1 and 2 to read the outline of this new instrument.
If you really have interest in it then you could see references 3 and 4 to feel the joy of Abn Amro as the inventor of CPDO and the covering letter of SURF.
After that you could go to reference 5 to know what the havoc it caused to credit derivative market recently.
To savor it in an easier way I recommend you the references 6 and 7, you could find how plainly they explain CPDO to you.
At last, there are several URLs remained and left for you to saturate yourself with CPDO raves.


References:
1. http://www.economist.com/daily/columns/techview/displaystory.cfm?story_id=8150178
2. http://www.rgemonitor.com/blog/economonitor/157230
3. http://www.abnamro.com.au/content/media/articles/308.asp
4. http://www.nuclearphynance.com/User%20Files/393/BLP10636.pdf
5. http://ftalphaville.ft.com/blog/2006/11/01/555/daily-report-credit-default-swaps-6/
6. http://www.fitchratings.com.au/show_featart.asp?rel_id=410
7. http://interfluidity.powerblogs.com/posts/1163375565.shtml

http://www.riskchat.com/_articles/00000008.htm
http://www.wilmott.com/messageview.cfm?catid=4&threadid=41739
http://www.nuclearphynance.com/Show%20Post.aspx?PostIDKey=85967
http://www.aleablog.com/2006/08/30/70/

Friday, October 20, 2006

Another Phase of CDS

The article worth you to read is talked about "CDS Raises Insider Trading Issues"〈www.garp.com/risknews/newsfeed.asp?Category=6&MyFile=2006-10-17-13678.html#〉.

Timothy Johnson said "If you want to get access to information private banks have, you go and buy a piece of a bank loan."

Hedge funds are less regulated till now, if they buy credit derivatives from banks then accessing to some confidential information that not publicly announced yet. You guess what the Hedge Funds would do. In the name of profits, Hedge Funds would utilize the information in the gains on investment.

Reference:GARP Risk News

Monday, August 21, 2006

The weird situation that puts banks at crossroads

The weird situation lies in the discrepancy between deposit rates and loan rates. Deposit rates are rising, while loan rates aren't rising at all. This is not news to everyone, but most of the people not in the banking industry wondering.

One reason that we’ve mentioned last time〈see the “Effects of Credit Derivatives” at my blog:http://caffein1975.blogspot.com/〉.

The others would be talked now. For those banking conglomerates eager for growing must pay more for interest-bearing deposits in order to maintain liquidity then the credit rates usually cut in exchange for deposits, especially for business loans.

The liquidity does matter. And securitizations would be a viable funding conduit for banks. The trend is, as commercial loans are chased to fill the conduit, the deals are growing smaller and smaller.

For the growth sake, the margin of commercial loans squeezed.

If not concerning about the growth then the profits do the talk- to remain where they are or shrink a bit-.

Reference:http://www.garp.com/risknews/newsfeed.asp?Category=6&MyFile=2006-08-17-13360.html#

Tuesday, August 08, 2006

The Possibility That Might Jeopardize The Future of Project Finance

The most intriguing recently is the one that mentioned about the proposed Joint FASB/IASB Lease Accounting Project.

The “major project ” reviews the current leasing-accounting standards. If the methodology that treating the current operating leases changed, then it might be a calamity to future structured and project financing transactions.

Leasing agreements account for at least 1/8 fix assets transactions worldwide. It was rampant in America and 1/3 of the equipments were leased.

If you interested the related article, you could click the hyperlink below.
http://www.garp.com/risknews/newsfeed.asp?Category=6&MyFile=2006-08-04-13296.html

Thursday, August 03, 2006

Effects of Credit Derivatives

Wondering why the borrowing rate contrast to the rising trend of interest rate.

The 7/28 risk news of GARP would give you an answer.

In case the risk of copyright breaking, I attached part of the article in the next paragraph. If you are interested to see the whole context, you may hyperlink to the URL attached to the end of this page.

Alan Greenspan has always favored derivatives since they provide capital to help companies avert a credit crunch and reduce risks by making financial markets resilient to shocks. At a time when oil prices are above $70 a barrel and more than two dozen central banks have raised interest rates since May, derivatives are allowing companies to borrow a record $607 billion and obtain relatively cheap financing.

By bundling more than 10 percent of that lending into so-called collateralized debt obligations (CDOs), bankers are able to provide more cash to companies.

Eastman Kodak was able to borrow even after Moody's lowered its ratings three times since the beginning of 2005 in part because its debt and credit-default swaps are contained in more than 150 CDOs.





http://www.garp.com/risknews/newsfeed.asp?Category=6&MyFile=2006-07-28-13253.html